Rape has many definitions ,depending on various jurisdictions. It is important for emergency staff and clinicians who deal with rape victims to be familiar with the laws pertaining to rape (sexual assault )in their own country and state (laws vary in different us states).

About 95% of rape victims are women. It is also essential to note that people involved in the management of rape victims understand and recognize the violent nature of the crime.

Penetration of which orifice constitute rape?

It is important to note that the penetration may be vaginal,anal or oral.

The penetration may be by the hand,penis or by a foreign object.

It is also important to note that the absence of genital injury does not mean that the individual has given consent.

The rapist (assailant) may be a stranger or more frequently an acquaintance or even the spouse.

What is statutory rape?

Statutory or “unlawful sexual intercourse” is intercourse with a female before she reaches the age of majority, even with her consent.

Who are rapists?

Rapists are usually hostile men that terrorize and humiliate women by raping them. It is important to note that women do not want to be raped or even enjoy being raped under any circumstances.

What are the physical and psychological consequences of rape?

In 5 to 10% of cases rape involves severe physical injury. Women are terrified for their lives.

It is also important to note that all victims suffer some psychological aftermath.

Some rape victims may acquire sexually transmitted diseases (such as AIDS) or become pregnant.

What is the rape trauma syndrome?

Each person deals with rape differently, because it is a personal crisis.

There are two principal phases in the rape trauma syndrome:

1)Immediate or acute phase: Here there is sobbing, shaking and restless activity. This phase may last from a few days to a few weeks. The patient may experience anger,guilt or shame.The victims personality and circumstances of the attack may determine the reaction by the victim.

2)Late or chronic: This may change the work pattern and lifestyle of the individual. This develops several weeks or months later.Victims may develop phobias or sleep disorders. Rare cases of suicide have been reported during the chronic phase.

What are rape crisis centers?

These are centers created to provide information for clinical and emergency department personnel. They can also provide ongoing support and counseling for rape victims.

References:

Pages 758 to 759. Chapter 17. Rape.Gynaecology. CMDT 2006. Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2006.45 th Edition. Edited by Lawrence M. Tierney,Jr. Stephen J McPhee, Maxine A. Papadakis.

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